Key Publications
Papers by AIRMID Founders on K+ channels in lymphocytes and their inhibitors

 

  1. DeCoursey TE, Chandy KG, Gupta S, Cahalan MD. Voltage-gated K+ channels in human T lymphocytes: a role in mitogenesis? Nature. 307:465-468, 1984

  2. Chandy KG, DeCoursey TE, Cahalan MD, McLaughlin C, Gupta S. Voltage-gated potassium channels are required for human T lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med. 160:369-385, 1984.

  3. Cahalan MD, Chandy KG, DeCoursey TE, Gupta S. A voltage-gated potassium channel in human T lymphocytes. J Physiol. 358:197-237, 1985.

  4. Chandy KG, DeCoursey TE, Fischbach M, Talal N, Cahalan MD, Gupta S. Altered K+ channel expression in abnormal T lymphocytes from mice with the lpr gene mutation. Science.233:1197-1200, 1986.

  5. Lewis RS, Cahalan MD. Subset-specific expression of potassium channels in developing murine T lymphocytes. Science 239:771-775, 1988.

  6. Lewis RS, Cahalan MD. The plasticity of ion channels: parallels between the nervous and immune systems. Trends Neurosci. 11:214-218, 1988.


  7. Sands SB, Lewis RS, Cahalan MD. Charybdotoxin blocks voltage-gated K+ channels in human and murine T lymphocytes. J Gen Physiol. 93:1061-1074, 1989.


  8. Chandy KG, Williams CB, Spencer RH, Aguilar BA, Ghanshani S, Tempel BL, Gutman GA. A family of three mouse potassium channel genes with intronless coding regions. Science. 247:973-975, 1990.


  9. Grissmer S, Dethlefs B, Wasmuth JJ, Goldin AL, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. Expression and chromosomal localization of a lymphocyte K+ channel gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87:9411-9415, 1990.


  10. Aiyar J, Withka JM, Rizzi JP, Singleton DH, Andrews GC, Lin W, Boyd J, Hanson DC, Simon M, Dethlefs B, Gutman, GA, Chandy, KG. Topology of the pore-region of a K+ channel revealed by the NMR-derived structures of scorpion toxins. Neuron. 15:1169-1181, 1995.


  11. Grissmer S, Lewis RS, Cahalan MD. Ca2+-activated K+ channels in human leukemic T cells. J Gen Physiol. 99:63-84, 1992.


  12. Lewis RS, Cahalan MD Potassium and calcium channels in lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol. 13:623-653, 1995.


  13. Pennington MW, Byrnes ME, Zaydenberg I, Khaytin I, de Chastonay J, Krafte DS, Hill R, Mahnir VM, Volberg WA, Gorczyca W, et al. Kem, WR, Chemical synthesis and characterization of ShK toxin: a potent potassium channel inhibitor from a sea anemone. Int J Pept Protein Res.46:354-358, 1995.


  14. Tudor JE, Pallaghy PK, Pennington MW, Norton RS. Solution structure of ShK toxin, a novel potassium channel inhibitor from a sea anemone. Nat Struct Biol. 1996 3:317-320, 1996.


  15. Kath, J., Hanson, D., Chandy, K. G. T-lymphocyte potassium channel blockers. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry 32, 181, 1997.


  16. Cahalan MD, Chandy KG Ion channels in the immune system as targets for immunosuppression. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 8:749-756, 1997.


  17. Kalman K, Pennington MW, Lanigan MD, Nguyen A, Rauer H, Mahnir V, Paschetto K, Kem WR, Grissmer S, Gutman GA, Christian EP, Cahalan MD, Norton RS, Chandy KG. ShK-Dap22, a potent Kv1.3-specific immunosuppressive polypeptide. J Biol Chem. 273:32697-32707, 1998.


  18. Wulff H, Rauer H, During T, Hanselmann C, Ruff K, Wrisch A, Grissmer S, Hansel W. Alkoxypsoralens, novel nonpeptide blockers of Shaker-type K+ channels: synthesis and photoreactivity. J Med Chem. 41:4542-4549, 1998.


  19. Fanger CM, Ghanshani S, Logsdon NJ, Rauer H, Kalman K, Zhou J, Beckingham K, Chandy KG, Cahalan MD, Aiyar J. Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent activation of the intermediate conductance KCa channel, IKCa1. J Biol Chem. 274:5746-5754, 1999.


  20. Wulff H, Miller MJ, Hansel W, Grissmer S, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG Design of a potent and selective inhibitor of the intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, IKCa1: a potential immunosuppressant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:8151-8156, 2000.


  21. Ghanshani S, Wulff H, Miller MJ, Rohm H, Neben A, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. Up-regulation of the IKCa1 potassium channel during T-cell activation. Molecular mechanism and functional consequences. J Biol Chem. 275:37137-37149, 2000.


  22. Beeton C, Barbaria J, Giraud P, Devaux J, Benoliel AM, Gola M, Sabatier JM, Bernard D, Crest M, Beraud E. Selective blocking of voltage-gated K+ channels improves experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inhibits T cell activation. J Immunol. 166:936-944, 2001.


  23. Beeton C, Wulff H, Barbaria J, Clot-Faybesse O, Pennington M, Bernard D, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG, Beraud E Selective blockade of T lymphocyte K(+) channels ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:13942-13947, 2001.


  24. Chandy, KG, Wulff, H., Beeton, C., Gutman, GA, Cahalan, MD. K+ channels as targets for specific immunomodulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 25:280-289, 2004.


  25. Wulff H, Beeton C, Chandy KG. Potassium channels as therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 6:640-647, 2003.


  26. Wulff H, Calabresi PA, Allie R, Yun S, Pennington M, Beeton C, Chandy KG. The voltage-gated Kv1.3 K+ channel in effector memory T cells as new target for MS. J Clin Invest. 111:1703-1713, 2003.


  27. Wulff H, Knaus HG, Pennington M, Chandy KG. K+ channel expression during B cell differentiation: implications for immunomodulation and autoimmunity. J Immunol. 173:776-786, 2004.


  28. Beeton C, Pennington MW, Wulff H, Singh S, Nugent D, Crossley G, Khaytin I, Calabresi PA, Chen CY, Gutman GA, Chandy KG. Targeting effector memory T cells with a selective peptide inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels for therapy of autoimmune diseases. Mol Pharmacol. 67:1369-1381, 2005.


  29. Rus H, Pardo CA, Hu L, Darrah E, Cudrici C, Niculescu T, Niculescu F, Mullen KM, Allie R, Guo L, Wulff H, Beeton C, Judge SI, Kerr DA, Knaus HG, Chandy KG, Calabresi PA. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is highly expressed on inflammatory infiltrates in multiple sclerosis brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102:11094-11099, 2005.


  30. Schmitz A, Sankaranarayanan A, Azam P, Schmidt-Lassen K, Homerick D, Hansel W, Wulff H. Design of PAP-1, a selective small molecule Kv1.3 blocker, for the suppression of effector memory T cells in autoimmune diseases. Mol Pharmacol. 68:1254-1270, 2005.


  31. Beeton C, Wulff H, Standifer NE, Azam P, Mullen KM, Pennington MW, Kolski-Andreaco A, Wei E, Grino A, Counts DR, Wang PH, Leehealey CJ, S Andrews B, Sankaranarayanan A, Homerick D, Roeck WW, Tehranzadeh J, Stanhope KL, Zimin P, Havel PJ, Griffey S, Knaus HG, Nepom GT, Gutman GA, Calabresi PA, Chandy KG. Kv1.3 channels are a therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:17414-17419, 2006.


  32. Azam, P., Sankaranarayan, A., Homerick, D., Griffey, S., Wulff. H. Targeting effector memory T cells with the small molecule Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1 suppresses contact dermatitis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, (in press).


  33. Norton RS, Pennington MW, Wulff H Potassium channel blockade by the sea anemone toxin ShK for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Curr Med Chem. 11:3041-3052, 2004

    Other publications by AIRMID’s founders on T cell K+ channels.

  34. Chandy KG, DeCoursey TE, Cahalan MD, Gupta, S. Electroimmunology: the physiologic role of ion channels in the immune system.
    J Immunol. 135:787s-791s, 1985.


  35. DeCoursey TE, Chandy KG, Gupta S, Cahalan MD. Voltage-dependent ion channels in T-lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 10:71-95, 1985.


  36. Chandy, K.G., T.E. DeCoursey, M.D. Cahalan, and S. Gupta. 1985. Ion channels in lymphocytes. Journal of Clinical Immunology 5: 1-6.


  37. Gupta, S., K.G. Chandy, B. Vayuvegula, T.E. DeCoursey, and M.D. Cahalan. Role of potassium channels in interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 synthesis, and interleukin-2 receptor expression. pp. 39-44 in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Lymphokines. Academic Press, San Diego, 1985.


  38. Decoursey TE, Chandy KG, Gupta S, Cahalan MD Two types of potassium channels in murine T lymphocytes. J Gen Physiol. 89:379-404, 1987.


  39. Decoursey TE, Chandy KG, Gupta S, Cahalan MD. Mitogen induction of ion channels in murine T lymphocytes. J Gen Physiol. 89:405-420, 1987.


  40. Cahalan, M.D., K.G. Chandy, T.E. DeCoursey, S. Gupta, R. Lewis, and J. Sutro. Ion channels in T lymphocytes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 213: 85-102, 1987.


  41. Grissmer S, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG Abundant expression of type l K+ channels. A marker for lymphoproliferative diseases? J Immunol. 141:1137-1142, 1988.


  42. Cahalan MD, Lewis RS. Role of potassium and chloride channels in volume regulation by T lymphocytes Soc Gen Physiol Ser. 43:281-301, 1988.


  43. Cahalan, M.D. and R.S. Lewis. Role of potassium and chloride channels in volume regulation by T lymphocytes. pp. 282-301 in Cell Physiology of Blood, R. Gunn, J. Parker, (eds.) Rockefeller University Press, NY. 1988.


  44. Sutro, J.B., B.S. Vayuvegula, S. Gupta, and M.D. Cahalan. Voltage-sensitive ion channels in human B lymphocytes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 254: 113-122, 1989.


  45. Grissmer, S. and M.D. Cahalan. TEA prevents inactivation while blocking open K+ channels in human T lymphocytes. Biophysical Journal 55: 203-206, 1989.


  46. Grissmer, S. and M.D. Cahalan. Divalent ion trapping inside potassium channels of human T lymphocytes. Journal of General Physiology 93: 609-630, 1989.


  47. Cahalan MD, Lewis RS. Functional roles of ion channels in lymphocytes Semin Immunol. 2:107-117, 1990.


  48. Chandy KG, Cahalan MD, Grissmer S. Autoimmune diseases linked to abnormal K+ channel expression in double-negative CD4-CD8- T cells. Eur J Immunol. 20:747-751, 1990.


  49. Grissmer S, Hanson DC, Natoli EJ, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. CD4-CD8- T cells from mice with collagen arthritis display aberrant expression of type l K+ channels. J Immunol. 145:2105-2109, 1990.


  50. Chandy, K. G., Douglass, J., Gutman, G. A., Jan, L., Joho, R., Kaczmarek L, McKinnon D, North RA, Numa, S., Philipson, L., Ribera, A. B., Rudy, B., Salkoff, L., Swanson, R. A., Steiner, D., Tanouye, M., Temple, B. L. A simplified gene nomenclature. Nature 352, 26, 1991.


  51. Grissmer S, Ghanshani S, Dethlefs B, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. The Shaw-related potassium channel gene, Kv3.1, on human chromosome 11, encodes the type l K+ channel in T cells. J Biol Chem. 267:20971-20979, 1992.


  52. Aiyar J, Grissmer S, Chandy KG. Full-length and truncated Kv1.3 K+ channels are modulated by 5-HT1c receptor activation and independently by PKC. Am J Physiol. 265:C1571-1578, 1993.


  53. Spencer, R. H., Chandy K. G., Gutman, G. A. Immunological and molecular characterization of the Kv1.3 K+ channel protein in lymphocytes and a related protein in yeast. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191, 201, 1993.


  54. Chandy, K. G., Gutman, G. A., Grissmer, S. Physiological role, molecular structure and evolutionary relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels in T lymphocytes. Seminars in Neurosciences 5, 125, 1993.


  55. Gutman, G. A. and Chandy, K. G. Nomenclature for vertebrate voltage-gated K+ channels. Seminars in Neurosciences 5, 101, 1993.


  56. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Cahalan MD. Calcium-activated potassium channels in resting and activated human T lymphocytes. Expression levels, calcium dependence, ion selectivity, and pharmacology. J Gen Physiol. 102:601-630, 1993.


  57. Chandy KG, Gutman GA. Nomenclature for mammalian potassium channel genes.
    Trends Pharmacol Sci. 14:434, 1993.


  58. Hess, S., M. Oortgiesen, and M.D. Cahalan. Calcium oscillations in human T and natural killer cells depend upon membrane potential and calcium influx. Journal of Immunology 150: 2620-2633, 1993.


  59. Chandy, K. G., Gutman, G. A. Voltage-gated K+ channel genes. CRC Handbook Ion channel genes. pp 1-76, 1994.


  60. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, Karmilowicz MJ, Auperin DD, Chandy KG. Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 45:1227-1234, 1994.


  61. Aiyar J, Nguyen AN, Chandy KG, Grissmer S. The P-region and S6 of Kv3.1 contribute to the formation of the ion conduction pathway. Biophys J. 67:2261-2264, 1994.


  62. Verheugen JA, Vijverberg HP, Oortgiesen M, Cahalan MD. Voltage-gated and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in intact human T lymphocytes. Noninvasive measurements of membrane currents, membrane potential, and intracellular calcium. J Gen Physiol. 105:765-794, 1995.


  63. Pennington MW, Mahnir VM, Krafte DS, Zaydenberg I, Byrnes ME, Khaytin I, Crowley K, Kem WR Identification of three separate binding sites on SHK toxin, a potent inhibitor of voltage-dependent potassium channels in human T-lymphocytes and rat brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 219:696-701,1996.


  64. Nguyen A, Kath JC, Hanson DC, Biggers MS, Canniff PC, Donovan CB, Mather RJ, Bruns MJ, Rauer H, Aiyar J, Lepple-Wienhues A, Gutman GA, Grissmer S, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. Novel nonpeptide agents potently block the C-type inactivated conformation of Kv1.3 and suppress T cell activation. Mol Pharmacol. 50:1672-1679, 1996.


  65. Aiyar J, Rizzi JP, Gutman GA, Chandy KG. The signature sequence of voltage-gated potassium channels projects into the external vestibule. J Biol Chem. 271:31013-31016, 1996.


  66. Pennington MW, Mahnir VM, Khaytin I, Zaydenberg I, Byrnes ME, Kem WR. An essential binding surface for ShK toxin interaction with rat brain potassium channels. Biochemistry. 35:16407-16411, 1996.


  67. Kerschbaum HH, Negulescu PA, Cahalan MD Ion channels, Ca2+ signaling, and reporter gene expression in antigen-specific mouse T cells. J Immunol. 159:1628-1638, 1997.


  68. Spencer RH, Sokolov Y, Li H, Takenaka B, Milici AJ, Aiyar J, Nguyen A, Park H, Jap BK, Hall JE, Gutman GA, Chandy KG. Purification, visualization, and biophysical characterization of Kv1.3 tetramers. J Biol Chem. 272:2389-2395, 1997.


  69. Chandy, K.G., Strong, M., Aiyar, J., Gutman, G. A. Structural and biochemical featires of the Kv1.3 potassium channel: an aid to guided drug design. Cellular Physiol. & Biochem.7, 135, 1997.


  70. Simon, M., Conley, E.C., Shelton, P.A., Gutman, G.A., Chandy, K.G. Transcription of a T-cell potassium channel Kv1.3 regulated by a GC-rich, TATA-less promoter. Cellular Physiol. & Biochem. 7, 243, 1997.


  71. Hanada T, Lin L, Chandy KG, Oh SS, Chishti AH. Human homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor binds to p56lck tyrosine kinase and Shaker type Kv1.3 potassium channel in T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 272:26899-26904, 1997.


  72. Ehring GR, Kerschbaum HH, Eder C, Neben AL, Fanger CM, Khoury RM, Negulescu PA, Cahalan MD. A nongenomic mechanism for progesterone-mediated immunosuppression: inhibition of K+ channels, Ca2+ signaling, and gene expression in T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 188:1593-1602, 1998.


  73. Jager H, Rauer H, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Chandy KG, Grissmer S. Regulation of mammalian Shaker-related K+ channels: evidence for non-conducting closed and non-conducting inactivated states. J Physiol. 506 :291-301, 1998.


  74. Ghanshani S, Coleman M, Gustavsson P, Wu AC, Gargus JJ, Gutman GA, Dahl N, Mohrenweiser H, Chandy KG. Human calcium-activated potassium channel gene KCNN4 maps to chromosome 19q13.2 in the region deleted in diamond-blackfan anemia. Genomics. 51:160-161, 1998.


  75. Li HL, Sui HX, Ghanshani S, Lee S, Walian PJ, Wu CL, Chandy KG, Jap BK. Two-dimensional crystallization and projection structure of KcsA potassium channel. J Mol Biol 282:211-216, 1998.


  76. Tudor JE, Pennington MW, Norton RS. Ionisation behaviour and solution properties of the potassium-channel blocker ShK toxin. Eur J Biochem. 251:133-141, 1998.


  77. Rauer H, Pennington M, Cahalan M, Chandy KG. Structural conservation of the pores of calcium-activated and voltage-gated potassium channels determined by a sea anemone toxin. J Biol Chem. 274:21885-21892, 1999.


  78. Hanson DC, Nguyen A, Mather RJ, Rauer H, Koch K, Burgess LE, Rizzi JP, Donovan CB, Bruns MJ, Canniff PC, Cunningham AC, Verdries KA, Mena E, Kath JC, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Grissmer S, Chandy KG. UK-78,282, a novel piperidine compound that potently blocks the Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel and inhibits human T cell activation. Br J Pharmacol. 126:1707-1716, 1999.


  79. Pennington MW, Lanigan MD, Kalman K, Mahnir VM, Rauer H, McVaugh CT, Behm D, Donaldson D, Chandy KG, Kem WR, Norton RS. Role of disulfide bonds in the structure and potassium channel blocking activity of ShK toxin. Biochemistry. 38:14549-14558, 1999.


  80. Rauer H, Lanigan MD, Pennington MW, Aiyar J, Ghanshani S, Cahalan MD, Norton RS, Chandy KG Structure-guided transformation of charybdotoxin yields an analog that selectively targets Ca2+-activated over voltage-gated K+ channels. J Biol Chem. 275:1201-1208, 2000.


  81. Strauss U, Wissel K, Jung S, Wulff H, Hansel W, Zhu J, Rolfs A, Mix E. K(+) channel-blocking alkoxypsoralens inhibit the immune response of encephalitogenic T line cells and lymphocytes from Lewis rats challenged for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunopharmacology. 48:51-63, 2000.


  82. Fanger CM, Neben AL, Cahalan MD Differential Ca2+ influx, KCa channel activity, and Ca2+ clearance distinguish Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. J Immunol. 164:1153-1160, 2000.


  83. Lanigan MD, Tudor JE, Pennington MW, Norton RS. A helical capping motif in ShK toxin and its role in helix stabilization. Biopolymers. 58:422-436, 2001.


  84. Wulff H, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. Delineation of the clotrimazole/TRAM-34 binding site on the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, IKCa1. J Biol Chem. 276:32040-32045, 2001.


  85. George Chandy K, Cahalan M, Pennington M, Norton RS, Wulff H, Gutman GA. Potassium channels in T lymphocytes: toxins to therapeutic immunosuppressants. Toxicon. 39:1269-1276, 2001.


  86. Fanger, C., H. Rauer, A.L. Neben, M.J. Miller, H. Rauer, H. Wulff, J.C. Rosa, C.R. Ganellin, K.G. Chandy, and M.D. Cahalan. Calcium-activated potassium channels sustain calcium signaling in T lymphocytes; Selective blockers and manipulated expression levels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:12249-12256, 2001.


  87. Cahalan, M.D., H. Wulff, and K.G. Chandy. Molecular properties and physiological roles of ion channels in T lymphocytes. Journal of Clinical Immunology 21:235-252, 2001.


  88. Lanigan MD, Kalman K, Lefievre Y, Pennington MW, Chandy KG, Norton RS. Mutating a critical lysine in ShK toxin alters its binding configuration in the pore-vestibule region of the voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3. Biochemistry.41:11963-11971, 2002.


  89. Baell JB, Harvey AJ, Norton RS. Design and synthesis of type-III mimetics of ShK toxin. Design and synthesis of type-III mimetics of ShK toxin. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 16:245-262, 2002.


  90. Beeton C, Wulff H, Singh S, Botsko S, Crossley G, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Pennington M, Chandy KG A novel fluorescent toxin to detect and investigate Kv1.3 channel up-regulation in chronically activated T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 278:9928-9937, 2003.


  91. Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Adelman JP, Aiyar J, Bayliss DA, Clapham DE, Covarriubias M, Desir GV, Furuichi K, Ganetzky B, Garcia ML, Grissmer S, Jan LY, Karschin A, Kim D, Kuperschmidt S, Kurachi Y, Lazdunski M, Lesage F, Lester HA, McKinnon D, Nichols CG, O'Kelly I, Robbins J, Robertson GA, Rudy B, Sanguinetti M, Seino S, Stuehmer W, Tamkun MM, Vandenberg CA, Wei A, Wulff H, Wymore RS; International Union of Pharmacology. International Union of Pharmacology. XLI. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev. 55:583-586, 2003.


  92. Devaux J, Forni C, Beeton C, Barbaria J, Beraud E, Gola M, Crest M. Myelin basic protein-reactive T cells induce conduction failure in vivo but not in vitro. Neuroreport. 14:317-320, 2003.


  93. Vennekamp J, Wulff H, Beeton C, Calabresi PA, Grissmer S, Hansel W, Chandy KG. Kv1.3-blocking 5-phenylalkoxypsoralens: a new class of immunomodulators. Mol Pharmacol. 65:1364-1374, 2004.


  94. Baell JB, Gable RW, Harvey AJ, Toovey N, Herzog T, Hansel W, Wulff H. Khellinone derivatives as blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3: synthesis and immunosuppressive activity. J Med Chem. 47:2326-2336, 2004.


  95. Devaux J, Beeton C, Beraud E, Crest M Ion channels and demyelination: basis of a treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by potassium channel blockers. Rev Neurol (Paris). 160:S16-27, 2004.


  96. Mouhat S, Visan V, Ananthakrishnan S, Wulff H, Andreotti N, Grissmer S, Darbon H, De Waard M, Sabatier JM K+ channel types targeted by synthetic OSK1, a toxin from Orthochirus scrobiculosus scorpion venom. Biochem J. 385:95-104, 2005.


  97. Beeton C, Chandy KG. Potassium channels, memory T cells, and multiple sclerosis. Neuroscientist. 11:550-562, 2005.


  98. Mullen KM, Rozycka M, Rus H, Hu L, Cudrici C, Zafranskaia E, Pennington MW, Johns DC, Judge SI, Calabresi PA. Potassium channels Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 are expressed on blood-derived dendritic cells in the central nervous system.
    Ann Neurol. 60:118-127, 2006.


  99. Wei AD, Gutman GA, Aldrich R, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Wulff H. International Union of Pharmacology. LII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of calcium-activated potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev. 57:463-472, 2005.


  100. Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, Robertson GA, Rudy B, Sanguinetti MC, Stuhmer W, Wang X. International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels. Pharmacol Rev. 57:473-508, 2005.